A more recent review published in the
July, 2007
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
reported that fasting every other day may be as effective as a daily
regimen of
calorie restriction at providing many
benefits seen in animal and human studies. Lowering
calorie intake by 15 to 40 percent has been associated with
protection from adverse health conditions in many studies, however, many
people find it difficult to reduce their calories for a significant
length of time.Krista A.
Varady and Mark K. Hellerstein of the University of California, Berkeley
selected 12 animal studies and 3
human trials on alternate- day fasting for their analysis, and
studied their effects on
diabetes,
cardiovascular disease, and
cancer.
When animal studies were examined, the
effects of alternate-day fasting on reducing diabetes incidence, fasting
glucose, and insulin concentration were comparable to those achieved by
calorie restriction. Fewer improvements in diabetes risk were seen with
human studies, however, the authors suggest that longer intervention
periods than those used in the trials examined may be required to alter
glucose concentrations in humans.
Alternate-day fasting also benefited
cardiovascular disease
risk in animals, with improvements observed in total cholesterol
and
triglycerides, heart rate, blood pressure, and cardiac response
to myocardial infarction.
Human studies found an increase in HDL cholesterol and a reduction in
triglycerides, with no decrease in blood pressure associated with the
regimen.
Although no human studies have
evaluated alternate-day fasting's impact on cancer, animal studies
revealed a reduction in
lymphoma incidence, longer survival after tumor inoculation, and
a reduction in cancer cell
proliferation.
"It seems intuitively likely that
persons will find it easier to fast or reduce intake on alternative days
than to reduce their intake every day," the authors remark. "For this
reason, alternate-day fasting regimens may allow better compliance than
would calorie restriction regimens and may represent an attractive area
for investigation.
Another important finding fomr a study
at St. Louis' Washington University found that "data from long-lived
rodent studies shows that Calorie Restriction decreases serum
concentrations of T(3), the thyroid hormone that mediates most of
the functions of the thyroid gland. Thyroid hormones influence cell
respiration, free radical production, and energy homeostasis.
Other published results have attracted
worldwide attention. In a study published in 2004, individuals who
practiced
calorie
restriction
(CR) showed virtually no evidence of atherosclerosis risk. Many
evaluative measures, such as total cholesterol, low-density
lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides, insulin, and high sensitivity
C-reactive protein were significantly lower in the CR group than in
adults consuming a typical American diet. Additionally, the CR group
displayed higher levels of cardio-protective high-density
lipoprotein (HDL). Carotid artery wall thickness, a diagnostic
indicator for coronary artery disease, was 40% less in the CR group
compared with the control group. The CR group showed no evidence of
plaque accumulation.1
Decline in the heart’s diastolic
(relaxation) function occurs with age. In 2006 these researchers
showed that the diastolic function of the CR cohort resembled that
found in people about 15 years younger.2
A 2006 report showed that the serum
level of the thyroid hormone triiodothyronine, or T(3), may be an
indicator of human aging. Consistent with the studies of
calorie-restricted animals, the T(3) levels of the
calorie-restricted group were lower than those in the control group.3"
Thyroid
testing is critical and this should be noted as the mainstream medicine
approach is currently to test TSH only and evaluate this result with
outdated clinical ranges. I find this report to be an excellent
verification of the importance of testing the complete thyroid panel.
Further, it is an important determinant because of the high incidence of
thyroid imbalance in the Alzheimer's population.
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